Elemen2 zat atau galian & Perkaitan Zat / Mineral elements or nutrients & Nutrient interactions

*Mineral elements or nutrients: 16 elements required for plant growth. Elements from air and/or water: C, O, H. Elements from the soil/nutrient solution:
1) Macros: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S. 2) Micros: Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl
The 13 essential mineral elements can be obtained in the following compounds:

• MgSO4*7 H2O (Magnesium Sulfate) H3BO3 (Boric Acid)

• KH2PO4 (Monopotassium Phosphate) MnCl2*4H2O (Manganous Chloride)

• KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate) CuCl2*2H2O) (Cupric Chloride)

• K2SO4 (Potassium Sulfate) MoO3 (Molybdenum trioxide)

• Ca(NO3)2 (Calcium Nitrate) ZnSO4*7H2O (Zinc Sulfate)

• Fe 330 – Sequestrene (chelated iron)

In solution these compounds dissociate into ionic forms:

• Ex: MgSO4 dissociates into the cation Mg++ and the anion SO4

• Ex: KNO3 dissociates into the cation K+ and the anion NO3-

• Ex: CuCl2*2H2O dissociates into the cation Cu++, the anions 2Cl- plus 2 H2O

*Nutrient interactions: Plants maintain a balance between the cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) in their cells and tissues. NOTE: In a chemical equation the cations are listed first, then the anions. Plants also maintain a constant sum of cations in their cells and tissues. Therefore, if one cation is increased, it may decrease the uptake of others. Ex: Increasing Mg++ can cause decreases in Ca++ and calcium deficiencies. Ex: Increasing NH4+ (to increase acidity) can cause decreases in Ca++ uptake. Interactions between anions are not as common. Ex: Increasing Cl- can decrease NO3- uptake and visa versa.